نوع مقاله : علمی ترویجی
نویسنده
دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی،دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی(ره)،تهران،ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
Social contract theory in modern political thought grounds political legitimacy in autonomous human will and self-authorizing rationality, relying on the presupposition that normative obligation may be suspended in a hypothetical “state of nature.” Despite substantive differences among Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, this assumption constitutes a shared foundation for the constitution of political order. Adopting a paradigmatic perspective, this article subjects this premise to critique through the political logic of the Qur’an, arguing that the Qur’an categorically denies any pre-political condition devoid of obligation and instead situates the human subject ab initio within a nexus of fitrah, covenant (mīthāq), and divine responsibility. Accordingly, politics within the Qur’anic framework is not the source of normativity, but the institutional domain in which antecedent obligations—independent of human contractual consent—are realized and regulated. The article examines the implications of this paradigmatic tension for dominant conceptions of political legitimacy, freedom, and resistance through a qualitative–analytical method combining conceptual–normative analysis of social contract theory with a theory-driven thematic reading of selected Qur’anic verses and Shiʿi exegetical sources. It argues that political authority in the Qur’anic worldview is inherently fiduciary and conditionally bound to justice, such that legitimacy arises not from proprietary consent or instrumental rationality, but from conformity to qisṭ and accountability. Consequently, freedom acquires an ethically and theologically grounded meaning, while resistance to the deviation of power is reframed from a contractual right into a normative obligation.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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